Blood clot symptoms can appear suddenly, and recognising them quickly may save a life. On World Thrombosis Day, the Health Service Executive (HSE) is reminding people across Ireland that venous thromboembolism can affect anyone, regardless of age or general health.
Thrombosis occurs when a clot blocks a blood vessel and interrupts normal circulation. A clot that forms deep inside a vein, most often in the leg or pelvis, is known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). If it travels to the lungs, it can cause a pulmonary embolism (PE), a potentially life-threatening emergency. Together, DVT and PE are called venous thromboembolism, or VTE.
Blood Clot Symptoms to Recognise
Possible signs of DVT
DVT may affect one leg or arm. Warning signs can include:
- Swelling in one limb
- Pain or tenderness, particularly in the calf
- Warmth, redness or unusual skin discolouration
Symptoms can vary, and not every person will experience all of them. Anyone who suspects a blood clot should seek medical advice promptly rather than waiting for symptoms to worsen.
Possible signs of pulmonary embolism
A PE requires urgent medical attention. Blood clot symptoms linked to a pulmonary embolism may include:
- Sudden, unexplained shortness of breath
- Chest pain, especially when taking a deep breath
- A rapid heartbeat
- Coughing up blood
- Feeling faint or collapsing
If pulmonary embolism is suspected, treat it as a medical emergency and seek immediate help.
Who May Have a Higher Risk?
The HSE says risk can increase after recent surgery, hospitalisation or prolonged immobility. Other recognised risk factors include cancer, pregnancy, the six weeks after giving birth, some oestrogen-containing medicines, previous blood clots and a family history of VTE.
More than 60% of blood clots occur during or within 90 days of a hospital stay, according to the HSE press release. Risk may also rise when a lower leg is immobilised, such as in a cast. However, clots can develop unexpectedly, so awareness remains important for everyone.
This year’s World Thrombosis Day focus highlights women’s health. Risk can change across a woman’s life, including during pregnancy, the postpartum period and menopause. Healthcare professionals can advise on individual risks and appropriate preventive measures.
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How Prevention and Early Action Help
VTE is serious but often preventable. Understanding personal risk, following medical advice after surgery or hospital treatment, and discussing concerns with a healthcare professional can support earlier intervention. The HSE’s National Clinical Programme for VTE is working to improve awareness among healthcare staff and the public.
The HSE is one of Ireland’s key public health bodies, alongside services and agencies such as the Department of Health, Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA), and the Health Products Regulatory Authority (HPRA). For reliable guidance, use official healthcare information and do not rely on online searches to diagnose symptoms.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between DVT and PE?
DVT is a clot in a deep vein, usually in the leg or pelvis. PE occurs when part of that clot travels to the lungs and blocks blood flow.
When should someone seek urgent help?
Sudden breathlessness, chest pain, coughing up blood, fainting or collapse may indicate PE and require immediate emergency medical attention.
Can healthy people develop blood clots?
Yes. Although some circumstances increase risk, the HSE says blood clots can happen suddenly in any person.
Key takeaway: knowing blood clot symptoms, understanding personal risk and acting quickly can reduce the danger of DVT and pulmonary embolism. Never delay urgent medical care when serious symptoms appear.
Article/Image Courtesy: HSE
